4/17/2023 0 Comments Pneumonia physical exam findings![]() Medications that decrease gastric pH (ex: H2 receptor blockers).Impaired swallowing and entotracheal intubation.Underlying lung disease (ex: COPD, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis).cough reflex, mucociliary clearance) to the lower respiratory tract, development of pneumonia depends of virulence of the microorganism and the host's defenses (McCance & Heuther, 2010).įactors that can increase the host's risk for infection include: If pathogens are able to move past the first line of defense in the upper airway (i.e. Pneumonia can develop after aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions, inhalation of causative microorganisms, or when bacteria from an infection elsewhere in the body spreads to the lungs (ex. The lungs are constantly exposed to pathogens through aspiration however, the lower airways usually remain sterile related to innate and acquired immunity of the pulmonary system (Marrie, 2013). However, CAP is usually treated empirically for the most common causative organisms, so cultures are not always indicated. ![]() Laboratory studies must be collected to determine the offending microorganism (Marrie, 2013). The clinician is unable to distinguish amongst causative pathogens of pneumonia based on an individual's symptoms and physical exam. pneumonia (~5-15% of CAP), Legionella pneumophila (~5-10% of CAP), viruses Common typical bacteria and atypical organisms that cause pneumonia are listed below. Pneumonia is often characterized by classic symptoms (SOB, wheezing, fatigue, fever) however, symptom presentation may vary slightly depending on the offending microorganism (Miskovich-Riddle & Keresztes, 2006). Cap can be caused by typical or atypical pathogens. In CAP, it is important to understand the most common causative pathogens. This case study will discuss community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumonia has considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in older adults (McCance & Heuther, 2010). Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs in patients who have gotten the infection in the community compared to nosocomial pneumonia which is acquired in a healthcare setting such as a hospital or a nursing facility. Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that can be caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, or parasites. Review of systems Physical exam Diagnosis and treatment Conclusion Table of contents Introduction Pathogenesis and pathophysiology Clinical presentationĭifferential diagnosis Diagnostic criteriaĬURB 65 scale Treatment Case study introduction: Kathy Peters Pages 1290-1293 of the McCance and Heuther (2010) text.Article "Diagnosis and Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults" by Watkins and Lemonovich (2011) under the week 14 content section of Carmen.Article "CAP Management Guidelines" by Miskovich-Riddle and Keresztes (2006) under the week 14 content section of Carmen.Prior to reading this case study, please review the following: You may complete the case study below and the quiz on Carmen by yourself or with your peers. Nursing 704C - Pathophysiology of Altered Health States IIĬase Study #2 Case Study # 2 Community-acquired pneumonia
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